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|signature = }} Victor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian ((ロシア語:Ви́ктор Амаза́спович Амбарцумя́н); (アルメニア語:Վիկտոր Համզասպի Համբարձումյան), ''Viktor Hamazaspi Hambardzumyan''; 12 August 1996) was a Soviet Armenian scientist, and one of the founders of theoretical astrophysics. He worked in the field of physics of stars and nebulae, stellar astronomy, dynamics of stellar systems and cosmogony of stars and galaxies, and contributed to mathematical physics. Ambartsumian founded the Byurakan Observatory in 1946. He was the second and longest-serving president of the Armenian Academy of Sciences (1947–93) and also served as the president of the International Astronomical Union from 1961 to 1964 and was twice elected the President of the International Council of Scientific Unions (1966–72). He was a foreign member of numerous academies, including the Royal Society, the US National Academy of Sciences, and the Indian Academy of Sciences. Among his numerous awards are Stalin Prize (1946, 1950), the Hero of Socialist Labor (1968, 1978), the State Prize of the Russian Federation, the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society,〔(Awarding of RAS gold medal )〕 the Bruce Gold Medal, and National Hero of Armenia. ==Biography== Ambartsumian was born to an Armenian family in Tiflis (Tbilisi) in 1908. His father was the philologist and writer Hamazasp Asaturovich Ambartsumian, the translator of Homer’s ''Iliad'' into Armenian. In 1924 Victor entered the physico-mathematical department of Leningrad State Pedagogical Institute and then of Leningrad State University. As a student, in 1926, he published his first scientific article, devoted to sun jets. Ambartsumian continued his postgraduate studies at Pulkovo Observatory, under the guidance of professor Aristarkh Belopolsky in 1928–1931.〔 Mirzoyan, Ludwig V. ''«Համբարձումյան, Վիկտոր Համազասպի»'' (Viktor Hamazaspi ). Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia. Yerevan: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1980, vol. 6, pp. 109-10.〕 His work first came to prominence in physics when in 1929 with Dmitry Ivanenko he published a paper demonstrating that atomic nuclei could not be made from protons and electrons. Three years later this was confirmed when Sir James Chadwick discovered neutrons, which with protons make up atomic nuclei. In 1930 he married Vera Feodorovna Klochihina (born at Lisva, Solikamsk uyezd, Perm). After three years of affiliation at Leningrad University in 1934 Ambartsumian founded and headed the first astrophysics chair. In 1939–1941 Ambartsumian was the director of the Leningrad University Observatory. In 1940 he joined the Communist Party.〔 The war found him holding the position of the pro-rector of Leningrad State University. The scientific laboratories of the University were evacuated in 1941 to remote Elabuga (Tatarstan) where Ambartsumian spent four years directing the work of the refugee laboratories. In 1939 Ambartsumian was elected a correspondent member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR. In 1953 he became a full academician of the Academy. In 1943, the Armenian Academy of Sciences was founded. Iosif Orbeli was appointed as the president and Ambartsumian as the vice president of the Armenian Academy of Sciences.〔 In 1947 Ambartsumian was elected as the president of the Armenian SSR Academy and since then he was invariably re-elected to the position till 1993. In 1993 he became the Honorary President of the Armenian National Academy. In 1946 the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory was founded. Ambartsumian became its first director and headed the Observatory until 1988. Ambartsumian was the President of the International Astronomical Union from 1961 to 1964. He was twice elected the President of the International Council of Scientific Unions (1966–1972). Congratulating Ambartsumian on his eightieth birthday, Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, who won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1983, wrote, Ambartsumian died in August 1996 in Byurakan and is buried next to the Grand Telescope Tower. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Victor Ambartsumian」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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